Wednesday, December 25, 2019

University Of Puerto Rico, Rio Piedras Campus - 1204 Words

Since my high school years, I have appreciated the importance of expanding my knowledge. That was when I decided to enroll in the University of Puerto Rico, Rio Piedras Campus. I come from a family that has been through many life challenges, such as the passing away of my father, economic issues, and other dilemmas. The death of my father opened my eyes about life. It taught me that life goes by fast, and I cannot waste it. It showed me that I have to make my time here valued, specially, for myself. This is the reason why education remains important to me, and it is the foundation of the person I am today. Currently, Puerto Rico is facing a financial debt crisis that puts the future of many students at stake, including myself. Despite that, I have received the best education possible and have made my way thanks to the sacrifices of my mother to ensure the wellbeing of my siblings and me. My parents always told me that if I want something, I have to work hard in order to achieve it. M y biggest fear is striving for my goals, and, despite that, not being able to reach them. I will not always win, but I will keep trying. I see that this is what life is about, and I realize that sometimes these things happen. As a person who has never been out of the country, the impulse for studying, exploring, and living abroad is enormous. Studying abroad will change my perspective about the world. From my own experience, I want to show people the personal and professional growth that one can

Tuesday, December 17, 2019

Catcher in the Rye Essay Child to Adult - 1126 Words

Child to Adult in The Catcher in the Rye The Catcher in the Rye by J.D. Salinger is a story about growing up. It explores the obstacles we all face during our transition from child to adulthood. The tragedies and triumphs, the breakthroughs and setbacks, the happiness and heartache. As you follow the books protagonist, Holden, through his journey into adulthood, you learn about his life, but more importantly, you learn about your own. You grow to sympathize with the young rebel, and you begin to see traces of yourself in him. This book appeals to the child in all of us because we can all remember a time wed like to go back to; a time when making our beds was our greatest responsibility and life was something we took for†¦show more content†¦As we grow and mature, we take on more responsibilities, and learn new lessons everyday. We learn through good experiences and through bad ones. Although there are many wed like to remember, there are also some wed like to forget. Life has many lessons in store for us. Often times, one of the most terrifying and traumatic lessons a child can learn really has nothing to do with life--but rather, death. Unfortunately, it is a lesson that we all must encounter at some point. No matter the age or circumstance, it is hard to understand how something so dark and mystical can impact our lives so much. It is even harder to cope with the loss of a loved one and to come to terms with knowledge that each day we live, we become one closer to dying. Death is a concept to which Holden is no stranger. He speaks lovingly of his brother, Allie, who died of leukemia. He was terrifically intelligent....But it wasnt just that he was the most intelligent member in the family. He was also the nicest, in lots of ways. He never got mad at anybody....He used to laugh so hard at something he thought of at the dinner table that he just about fell off his chair (38). As many fond memories as Holden has of his brother, the rain can literally bring back one painful one. I slept in the garage the night he died, and I broke all the goddam windows with my fist, just for the hell of it. I even tried toShow MoreRelatedHolden Caulfield s The Catcher Of The Rye824 Words   |  4 PagesThe Catcher in the Rye Symbolism Essay J.D Salinger’s Catcher in the Rye, is the story of Holden Caulfield’s loss of faith in society, and in particular adults. Salinger uses a number of symbols to demonstrate Holden’s rebellion against the phony facade of society and his desire to preserve the innocence of children, especially those he loves. Chief among them is Holden’s misinterpretation of Robert Burns’ poem â€Å"Comin thro’ the Rye†, wherein Holden mistakes the original line, â€Å"If a body meet aRead MoreThe Catcher in the Rye: Holden and Modern Teenagers898 Words   |  4 PagesThe Catcher in the Rye: Holden and Modern Teenagers The characteristics of Holden from the book The Catcher in the Rye by J.D. Salinger, will be compared to the modern teenager.   The characteristics of both sets of teenagers are basically similar, but in some parts, they are different. I chose myself as the modern teenager to be compared to Holden. There will be four major subjects to be talked about in the essay. The main subjects that are going to be discussed in this essay are academics, familyRead MoreCatcher in the Rye1445 Words   |  6 PagesENG 3U1 – The Catcher in the Rye Essay Outline Assignment Task: Pick one of the essay prompts below. Your answer to the prompt will be the thesis of your essay. Thoughtfully and carefully craft an essay outline to develop and defend your thesis. Be concise and to the point, this is only an outline! You may consult your agenda, previous notes and our class for essay writing tips. Be sure to use text-based evidence to support your thesis. Essay Prompts Throughout the novel, Holden is a tormented adolescentRead MoreJ.D. Salingers Catcher In The Rye and Burr Steers Igby Goes Down1493 Words   |  6 Pages Comparative Essay The Catcher In The Rye by J.D. Salinger and Igby Goes Down by Burr Steers are both displayed as rites of passage texts. The respective protagonists of these two texts are Igby Slocumb and Holden Caulfield. These two characters are both on a journey motif, a journey of self discovery in which they both attempt to find meaning in life and understand societies values and attitudes. The two protagonists demonstrate non-conformity and rebel against the apparent hypocrisy present inRead MoreSummary Of The Catcher Of The Rye Essay1038 Words   |  5 PagesEmily Tillotson Mr. Turner English 12-CP Theme Essay December 3, 2014 The Catcher in the Rye Theme Essay â€Å"If a body meet a body, coming through the rye.† This is a quote by Robert Burns and it talks about how being an adult and having casual sex is okay. The Catcher in the Rye by J.d Salinger is a novel about the life of a troubled boy by the name of Holden Caulfield. There is one trait that brings every person together and that is growing up. [JT1] Some peopleRead MoreComparative Essay - Catcher in the Rye vs. Igby Goes Down1552 Words   |  7 PagesComparative Essay The Catcher In The Rye by J.D. Salinger and Igby Goes Down by Burr Steers are both displayed as rites of passage texts. The respective protagonists of these two texts are Igby Slocumb and Holden Caulfield. These two characters are both on a journey motif, a journey of self discovery in which they both attempt to find meaning in life and understand societies values and attitudes. The two protagonists demonstrate non-conformity and rebel against the apparent hypocrisy present inRead More Catcher in the Rye Essay: Holden’s Metamorphosis1954 Words   |  8 PagesHoldens Metamorphosis in The Catcher in the Rye      Ã‚  Ã‚   J. D. Salingers The Catcher in the Rye is the chronicle of a young mans metamorphosis from immaturity to unsure manhood. Holden Caulfield, the protagonist, is a sixteen-year old boy who leaves the prep school he has been expelled from to escape the frightening reality of dealing with his parents. However, during his visit to New York City he is faced with the harsh reality that he cannot continue to hold onto his childhood. Holden isRead More Comparing Maturation in Catcher in the Rye and Red Badge of Courage1421 Words   |  6 PagesMaturation in Catcher in the Rye and Red Badge of Courage    The Catcher in the Rye and The Red Badge of Courage detail the gradual maturation of two immature boys into self-reliant young men. The steady speed at which Salingerà ­s and Craneà ­s language streams enables the reader to see the independent events that lead up to the ultimate rite of passage for both Henry and Holden. Although the pinnacle of maturity Holden reached concerned his pessimistic view of the world and Henryà ­s was a unifyingRead MoreDaisy Caulfield : Minor Character1424 Words   |  6 PagesA minor character in The Catcher in the Rye, written by J.D. Salinger, is Phoebe Caulfield, the main character, Holden’s younger sister. Holden describes his sister as not only the smartest kid in the world, but also a great dancer, and a very sympathetic listener. She’s also known as the funniest little sister ever. She is first introduced to readers when Holden says: â€Å"You d like her. I mean if you tell old Phoebe something, she knows exactly what the hell you re talking about. I mean you canRead MoreComparing The Adventures of Huck Finn and The Catcher in the Rye1382 Words   |  6 PagesComparing The Adventures of Huck Finn and The Catcher in the Rye The forthcoming of American literature proposes two distinct Realistic novels portraying characters which are tested with a plethora of adventures. In this essay, two great American novels are compared: The Adventures of Huck Finn by Mark Twain and The Catcher In The Rye by J.D. Salinger. The Adventures of Huck Finn is a novel based on the adventures of a boy named Huck Finn, who along with a slave, Jim, make their way along

Monday, December 9, 2019

Getting Management Accounting Off Ground -Myassignmenthelp.Com

Question: Discuss About The Getting Management Accounting Off Ground? Answer: Introduction This paper is based on a focal inquiry: regardless of whether the use of the terms 'strategy' and 'strategies' in social marketing bookkeeping is synonymous or not. Following this worry whatever remains of the paper is prefaced on a basic hypothesis approach. To assess how such a basic approach can be used in administration bookkeeping research, an endeavor is made to stick point a portion of the methodological places of Habennas basic hypothesis approach (Sudaryanti et al.2015). This assessment from the perspective of an "individual outer scientist" or a "research understudy" viewpoint, proposes an option hypothetical comprehension in comprehending completing exploration in the field of logical administration bookkeeping (Fook 2015). The basic hypothesis way to deal with bookkeeping is all the more particularly it is worried about the advancement of a superior society, one in which the predominant social plans serve the interests of the mass of individuals, whose possibilities are seen to be obliged by those game plans as of now set up (Goetsch and Davis 2014). Basic hypothesis tries to give a type of information that is addressing of the overall social courses of action, i.e. an elective learning. More than this, be that as it may, the subsequent learning will fill in as a contribution to a procedure of reflection by society's individuals on the idea of their association inside the overall social plans and how this may be changed, for their advantage. This paper will additionally examine the Different ways to deal with bookkeeping and their connection too separation as for basic way to deal with bookkeeping. The latest basic accounting hypothesis of explores is to be talked about and dissected and contrasting it with the other bookkeeping approaches (Modell 2015). The paper will give a short discourse on an arbitrary point which must be broke down with basic hypothesis approach. The latest article on basic hypothesis approach that will be broke down in this paper is The Routledge side of basic bookkeeping, which will examine on how the basic hypothesis approaches significant to bookkeeping. Discussion There are different methodologies in bookkeeping few of them are extremely fundamental while directing the way toward bookkeeping. The basic hypothesis specialist says that the discerning of basic hypothesis offers significance to the social viewpoint or presence. Basic approach causes the administration to deal with the social part of the business concern which encourages the business to tackles one issue prompting sick impact on objective introduction of the association. Critical Approach to accounting Fundamental Perspectives on Accounting intends to give a get-together to the creating number of accounting masters and specialists who comprehend that general theory and practice is ill-suited to the troubles of the front line condition, and that accounting sharpens and corporate direct are indistinguishably connected with various allocation, distributive, social, and natural issues of our period (Bryman and Bell 2015). From such concerns, written work is building up that hopes to reformulate corporate, social, and political development, and the theoretical and sensible infers by which we secure and impact that act basic perspectives on Accounting intends to give a get-together to the creating number of accounting pros and specialists who comprehend that general speculation and practice is ill-suited to the troubles of the front line condition, and that accounting sharpens and corporate lead are indivisibly connected with various allocation, distributive, social, and natural issues o f our period (Bryman and Bell 2015). From such concerns, written work is building up that hopes to reformulate corporate, social, and political development, and the speculative and practical suggests by which we secure and impact that action. . Legitimacy theory Authenticity is a totaled up acknowledgment or doubt that the activities of a substance are appealing, lawful, or suitable inside some communally developed arrangement of standards, character, convictions, and definitions. Legitimacy theory has ended up being a champion among the most referred to theories inside the social and environmental accounting area. However there remains significant suspicion among various experts that it offers any certified comprehension into the purposeful exposures of organizations. This short paper follows responses to two specific concerns recognized in the composition. It will over the long haul outline some part of a fundamentally greater endeavor keeping an eye on an extent of issues related with realness theory. In the first place, the paper brings a bit of the later changes in the organization and good composition on legitimacy and organizations to the accounting table. Second, there are responsibilities regarding the speculation that have quite re cently been made by accounting experts that are yet to be totally seen. The maker assumes that genuineness speculation offers a fit framework for understanding purposeful social and environmental exposures made by associations, and that this perception would give a vehicle to participating in essential open verbal showdown. Positive accounting theory Positive way of book keeping is the branch of scholarly bookkeeping research that tries to clarify and anticipate real ac. These diverge accounting abilities from regulating bookkeeping that tries to infer and recommend "ideal" bookkeeping guidelines. Positive bookkeeping can be related with the legally binding perspective of the firm. The firm is seen as "a nexus of agreements" and bookkeeping one device to encourage the development and execution of agreements (Roslender 2017). Under this view, bookkeeping hones develop to moderate contracting costs by building up ex bet understanding among differing parties. For instance, positive bookkeeping proposes that conservatism in bookkeeping in this sense characterized restrictively as requiring lower (higher) benchmarks of evidence to perceive misfortunes (gains) has starting points in contract markets, including administrative remuneration contracts and loan specialist obligation contracts. For instance, truant conservatism, administrative remuneration understandings may compensate supervisors in view of current reports that later confirmation shows were baseless. Descriptive Theory This sort of hypothesis is of engaging methodology. It clarifies the circumstances and end results of the everyday occasions of our life. Elucidating hypothesis encourages us to anticipate how an occasion will be dealt with in bookkeeping from the investigation of the clarifications with regards to the occurrence of that specific occasion. Normative Theory Standardizing hypothesis is of the sort summon in nature. It is predominantly worried about the future demonstrations in the light of the present day by day marvels (Blayney, Kalyuga and Sweller 2015). Regulating hypothesis likewise advances conceivable speculations which are free of current practice and help in taking care of basic issues in future. Thus, these speculations are exhorts in nature. Evaluative Theory The hypothesis which thinks about the quality and amount of any question or occasion or the subjective amount and quantitative quality is known as an evaluative hypothesis (Ghanbari et al.2017). Evaluative hypotheses likewise measure the subjective amount of the occasion concerned. So it is only concerned with the subject matter of the perspective so it is not versatile and overlooks the perception of the social accountability of the business concern. Communicative Theory There are some essential and crucial hypotheses which give us the correct conjecture of occasions which are called informative speculations (Christensen et al, 2016). Along these lines, we can figure any occasion in the event that we have the information of open hypothesis. Future figure of occasions is additionally provided by the open hypothesis. Information about and event is needed to be collected and accounted for but critical analysis of such events are also required which will help to know the critical aspect that are needed to be handled Inductive Theory The hypothesis which looks at and investigations the happenings of past occasions is known as inductive hypothesis. It depends on rehashed analyzes and advises us that comparative occasions in future will bring about comparative results (Sudaryanti et al 2017). Comparison is good for the business this will help the business to reach better heights as it will make a path which will explain which area is to be improvised but critical theory approach of researches say that a event within the accounting process is being researched under this approach shows more profitability than other non versatile theories. Deductive Theory The hypothesis which is set up by the accompanying the technique for conclusion is the deductive hypothesis. It demonstrates to us the future method for conduct with respect to the incident of any exceptional marvel (Wickramasinghe 2015). Deductive speculations are for the most part planned to accomplish some specific objective. Every business has its own goal and the business tries to achieve that goal using their own deductive theory however at times they over look the other aspects of the business environment. Generally accepted theories The principal speculations which can be connected similarly in all cases and are embraced by all are called for the most part acknowledged hypotheses. These speculations don't for the most part change and deliver pretty much comparative outcomes by and large. Other than the above, there are different speculations additionally in presence. Be that as it may, these are Philosophical Theories and are found in our antiquated Indian psychology. There is no chance of talking about those hypotheses in bookkeeping. The authoritative perspective of positive bookkeeping places it in pressure with esteem pertinence thinks about in bookkeeping: the last battle that bookkeeping's essential part is to esteem the firm, and accordingly hones like conservatism are problematic (Alawattage et al.2017). The esteem pertinence school accentuates the handiness of bookkeeping data to value financial specialists as opposed to its value in contracting works out. A philosophical approach to culture, and especially to literature, that considers the social, historical, and ideological forces and structures which produce and constrain it is what can be termed as critical theory according to the researchers. The Routledge companion critical accounting The field of basic bookkeeping has extended quickly since its commencement and has moved toward becoming recognized?as offering an abundance of provocative bits of knowledge in the wake of the worldwide money related emergency. It is presently immovably implanted inside bookkeeping writing and in how bookkeeping is educated. Studying the advancing field of Critical Accounting, including hypothesis, morals, history, improvement and maintainability, this Companion presents enter banters in the field, giving a far reaching outline. Joining interdisciplinary points of view on bookkeeping, the volume finishes up by considering new headings in which basic bookkeeping exploration may travel. With a worldwide cluster of set up and regarded givers, this Routledge Companion is a crucial asset for understudies and analysts over the world. The field of basic bookkeeping is alluring and fortifying for some understudies and new analysts yet it is likewise perplexing, conflicting and hard to explore - this sidekick gives an important guide and guide for newcomers and set up researchers alike. The examination says that the basic approach towards bookkeeping is critical for each bookkeeping concern which will start a sheltered protect strategy for the general population who are identified with the bookkeeping procedure or inside or outer clients of bookkeeping data. On taking one abrupt instance and discussing it on the basis of Critical theory The basic bookkeeping venture has generally avoided quantitative techniques. While this is somewhat defended on philosophical grounds, the potential for quantitative strategies to add to the basic bookkeeping venture is huge. This paper audits the situation of quantitative techniques inside basic hypothesis and endeavors to recover quantitative strategies as a honest to goodness type of basic bookkeeping research. The paper at that point distinguishes a few parts of the undiscovered capability of quantitative strategies for the basic bookkeeping venture including investigating the immense unexplained change in showcase models, creating elective ward factors for examination, giving engaging baselines to the appraisal of social changes, and the potential for blended techniques thinks about. Derrida (1982) built up the idea of "distinction" to catch the nearness of something regularly suggests the nonappearance of something unique and that to comprehend the nearness of something, one should likewise comprehend what is submerged or "conceded" keeping in mind the end goal to give a space to what is available. "Regardless of whether in the request of talked or composed talk, no component can work as a sign without alluding to another component which itself isn't just present. This intertwining brings about every 'component' phoneme or grapheme being constituted based on the follow inside it of alternate components of the chain or framework. This interlacing, this material is the content delivered just in the change of content. Nothing, neither among the components nor inside the framework, is anyplace ever essentially introduce nor missing. There are just, all around, contrasts and hints of follows". From multiple points of view Critical Perspectives on Accounting is a re sponse to types of research that are missing from or conceded in the "standard" writing however the 6 "distinction" has been turned around in CPA with the end goal that quantitative techniques have turned into the nonappearance that characterizes the nearness of subjective research. The basic hypothesis approach isn't just put or joined in bookkeeping hypothesis yet additionally in other hypothetical perspectives where a circumstance is to be examined fundamentally to get a more positive result and the premise of which all other life exercises are judged. Advantages of using critical theory approach Basic Theory Approach is worried about uncovering reality behind hierarchical structure. It expresses that instead of the postmodern understanding which places talk as the essential factor in authorizing subordination, the hierarchical individuals are simply the ones who loan to this demonstration of subordination because of unequal social relations and set that they really have the ability to oppose it (Otley 2016). It recognizes the bona fide presence of hierarchical structure, which pioneers use to fortify and look after expert, and features that the postmodern idea of de-separation does not detract from the way those unequal social relations amongst laborers and their supervisors still exist. It additionally goes ahead to express that elective recommendations gave by the post-innovator approach just gives different roads to which the proceeded with demonstrations of minimization and subordination may exist. The upsides of utilizing a multi-point of view approach are many. As indicated by Lewis and Kelemen, it enables the client to shape a more careful comprehension of the association. Utilization of a solitary viewpoint may show a nearsighted and limited view as it is compelled by the ontological and epistemological suspicions grounded in the point of view (Kamla 2015). Through comparing different points of view, each giving option hidden ontological and epistemological presumptions, we are given extraordinary and now and then differentiating perspectives, considering more prominent comprehension (Modell 2017). For instance, an innovator may advance the presence of an authoritative structure enhances work process and effectiveness. Association Theory Individual Assignment logical and quantitative techniques, perfect sorts of hierarchical structures might be distinguished relying upon ecological factors and friends system. Ultimately, the innovator may try to persuade that all inclusive laws exist for the effective inference of an appropriate authoritative structure (Goetsch and Davis 2014). The primary take is that objectivism distinguishes the truth of authoritative structure, and positivism is the way to accomplish the coveted structure. There is a need here to scrutinize the fundamental suspicions set forth by the innovator. Would could it be that the pioneer is extremely attempting to accomplish? The regulating approach has been there since long time and has been embraced for the definition of various bookkeeping hypotheses. Scholars make utilization of the approach in view of one principle reason and that is to coordinate to the changing scene condition and the bookkeeping strategies (Smith 2017). The world, activities of organizations and everything else identified with an association are exceedingly unique in nature and nothing stays stale after a state of time. Also, henceforth regulating approach is required to enable the bookkeepers to stay aware of the present changes and roll out improvements in the built up bookkeeping hypotheses as per current perceptions and examination. Regardless, meanwhile, there is moreover a likelihood that there may happen that some genuine changes in the present speculation with no steady start. The clerks may explore the changing condition in different routes, in this way causing huge impact on the present practices and theories. Despite us ing methods of reasoning and steady reasoning for the progression of different hypotheses, one request that reliably rises while using the approach is whether it truly reflects the genuine accounting practices (Ashraf and Uddin 2015). Most of the institutionalizing theories is absolutely in perspective of discernments and therefore it isn't for the most part possible to choose whether they truly look good in the accounting scene. For example, an essential system of the valuation of advantages would be deciphered and seen in different ways. A couple of accountants would focus more on the social and normal impacts however some would focus more on the recorded costs. A few scholars trust that the regulating approach is the most sensible way since it did not depend on what is occurring however gives an unmistakable picture of what and how the bookkeeping practices ought to be. In any case, of course the suppositions behind each bookkeeping hypothesis and the advancement of practices wou ld rely upon the policymaker's feelings (Ashraf and Uddin 2015). One wrong supposition or one escape clause in the thinking and coherent examination can cause major issues and consequently this exhibits the likelihood of controlling bookkeeping speculations. In this way, unmistakably however the regularizing idea presents a profoundly practical means and procedure for the progression and plan of the accounting theories, notwithstanding all that it has some extraordinary drawbacks and subsequently whether to be used or not is up 'til now a request that ought to be answered. Conclusion It can be concluded that several approaches to accounting are interlinked and not independent from each other. This is especially valid for the moral approach; for characterizing it as a different approach does not really infer that different methodologies don't have moral substance, nor does it suggest that moral speculations fundamentally disregard every other idea. The interests of all gatherings must be contemplated properly, especially with no inclination for-the privileges of the administration or proprietors of the firm who may have more prominent impact over the decision of bookkeeping techniques. Most likely the best inconvenience of an essential dependence on the moral way to deal with bookkeeping hypothesis is that it neglects to give a sound premise to the advancement of bookkeeping standards or for the assessment of presently acknowledged standards (Hopper and Bui 2016). Standards must be assessed based on subjective judgments; or, as for the most part happens, as of now acknowledged .hone end up acknowledged without assessment since it is convenient to do as such. References Alawattage, C.G., Wickramasinghe, D., Tsamenyi, M. and Uddin, S., 2017. Doing critical management accounting research in emerging economies.Advances in Scientific and Applied Accounting. Ashraf, J. and Uddin, S., 2015. Management accounting research and structuration theory: a critical realist critique.journal of critical realism,14(5), pp.485-507. Ashraf, J. and Uddin, S., 2015. Military,managers and hegemonies of management accounting controls: A critical realist interpretation.Management Accounting Research,29, pp.13-26. Blayney, P., Kalyuga, S. and Sweller, J., 2015. Using cognitive load theory to tailor instruction to levels of accounting students' expertise.Journal of Educational Technology Society,18(4), p.199. Bryman, A. and Bell, E., 2015.Business research methods. Oxford University Press, USA. Christensen, H.B., Nikolaev, V.V. and WITTENBERG?MOERMAN, R.E.G.I.N.A., 2016. Accounting information in financial contracting: The incomplete contract theory perspective.Journal of accounting research,54(2), pp.397-435. Fook, J., 2016.Social work: A critical approach to practice. Sage. Ghanbari, M., Manesh, M.Z., Hamid Khorasani, M.H. and Nejad, H., 2016. PAT (Positive Accounting Theory) and Natural Science. Goetsch, D.L. and Davis, S.B., 2014.Quality management for organizational excellence. Upper Saddle River, NJ: pearson. Hopper, T. and Bui, B., 2016. Has management accounting research been critical?.Management Accounting Research,31, pp.10-30. Kamla, R., 2015. Critical Muslim intellectuals thought: Possible contributions to the development of emancipatory accounting thought.Critical Perspectives on Accounting,31, pp.64-74. Modell, S., 2015. Making institutional accounting research critical: dead end or new beginning?.Accounting, Auditing Accountability Journal,28(5), pp.773-808. Modell, S., 2017. Critical realist accounting research: In search of its emancipatory potential.Critical Perspectives on Accounting,42, pp.20-35. Otley, D., 2016. The contingency theory of management accounting and control: 19802014.Management accounting research,31, pp.45-62. Qiao, Y., Andersen, P.., Evje, S. and Standnes, D.C., 2018. A mixture theory approach to model co-and counter-current two-phase flow in porous media accounting for viscous coupling.Advances in Water Resources,112, pp.170-188. Roslender, R. ed., 2017.The Routledge Companion to Critical Accounting. Routledge. Smith, M., 2017.Research methods in accounting. Sage. Sudaryanti, D., Sukoharsono, E.G., Baridwan, Z. and Mulawarman, A.D., 2015. Critical Analysis on Accounting Information Based On Pancasila Value.Procedia-Social and Behavioral Sciences,172, pp.533-539. Sudaryanti, D., Sukoharsono, E.G., Baridwan, Z. and Mulawarman, A.D., 2015. Critical Analysis on Accounting Information Based On Pancasila Value.Procedia-Social and Behavioral Sciences,172, pp.533-539. Wickramasinghe, D., 2015. Getting management accounting off the ground: post-colonial neoliberalism in healthcare budgets.Accounting and Business Research,45(3), pp.323-355.

Sunday, December 1, 2019

Mary Warren Essay Example

Mary Warren Paper At the beginning of act three we hear voices from the court, of Martha Corey being accused of witchcraft, showing the extent that the accusation have risen to. Proctor brings Mary Warren to the court to tell the truth, that the girls and Abigail were making up everything about the women being witches, so as Proctor can prove his wifes innocence and gain her freedom from jail. During the proceedings, Proctor is forced to sacrifice his name and admit to his affair with Abigail in order to damage her credibility, however his wife, Elizabeth, not knowing of his confession, lies to protect her husband, saying that it was not the truth. When Abigail is confronted about this, she reacts in her usual way, which is to accuse Mary of being a witch herself. Mary can not take the pressure of the accusations and so, to save herself she, copies Abigail in how she gets herself out of trouble, by accusing Proctor of witchcraft, and forcing her to the court in order to overthrow it. Proctor is so angry at the state of the court and his faith, that, at the end of the act, he denounces God as her can not see any trace of divine help in the proceedings of that day. We will write a custom essay sample on Mary Warren specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on Mary Warren specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on Mary Warren specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer Miller uses this rise and fall of tension throughout the act as a build up of the final, and most dramatic end to the act, where Proctor seals his fate by shouting, I say I say God is dead! Abigails accusations of witches in the society of Salem, is similar to Millers own experiences in the 1930s of McCarthyism and the witch hunts for communists in a capitalist country. The rise of communism in the East, which America stove to defeat, caused this rise in paranoia in the late 1940s and early 1950s. Almost any criticism of the government was seen as an declaration of loyalty to the communist ways. In 1956 Miller himself was called before the court to answer charges of being a communist sympathiser, although at this time the power of the committee was waning and so instead of being imprisoned he was fined for Contempt of Congress. Miller began to link the activities of the committee with that of the witch trials in Salem, Massachusetts in 1692.. The feeling in both cases were, if you dont conform, then you are guilty. Millet emphasises his aim to show, The essential nature of one of the strangest and most awful chapters in human history. He documents the events of the Salem witch trials, with dramatic licence, using the original records of the court proceedings and other pieces of primary and secondary evidence. The drama is based on real historical events of a Puritan society and its fear of the Devil. They had moved from England brought their ways to the new land, American, were they believed the Devil lived in the woods surrounding their village, which was actually inhabited by the Native Americans. This fear and insecurity lead them to the ways of killing witches to protect themselves and rid their village of evil. The fact that the play was based on real events adds to the tension as we know that innocent people actually suffered from the untruthful accusations. To audiences of Millers time there would have been a great sympathy with the people in Salem as the Americans were suffering the same way under the rule of McCarthyism, where the innocent were accused and sentenced. Proctor is seen as the voice of reason, though he is sinful, he tries to uncover the girls for what they really were. Throughout the events Proctor stands up for what he believes in and always suspects Abigail of lying and influencing the others as he knows her character.

Tuesday, November 26, 2019

falcons in the uae essays

falcons in the uae essays Falconry is the upkeep of falcons. It is a very valued tradition in the UAE. Falconry is a sport that came to UAE many years ago. Poor people and rich people enjoyed it. It was a big part of their life in the desert. People think that it came by the muslim Arabs who went to Byzantine and Persia. The falcon is known as the Saqer. It is very loved by the people because of its beauty and lovely eyes. H.H. Sheikh Zayed Bin Sultan Al Nahyan loves falcons. Falconry is his favourite sport. He says falconry is a port that teaches endurance, strength, and patience. The two main species used for hunting in the UAE are the Saqr falcons (Falco Cherruq) which are brought from other Middle Eastern countries and the Peregrine (Falco Peregrinus) The Saqr is the most popular because it is good for desert hawking. The female Saqr (Al Hurr), which is larger and more powerful is the one which is used more than the male (Garmoush). The female Peregrine (Shahin or Bahri Shahin) is also thought to be better than the male (Shahin Tiba) for hunting purposes. Training falcons requires both courage and patience and it is made possible by the trainer. Ronald Codrai in his book The Seven Sheikhdoms describes the training of falcons as follows: "The key to success in falconry is the relationship of falcon and falconer who must exercise patience, skill, and devotion". The ability of a falcon to obey his master is what makes the Arabs like the sport a lot. In the training process, the falcon sits on a round wooden thing like a mushroom which moves. This is called Al Wakr. Or on the trainers hand which is protected from the sharp nails of a falcon by a big cuff which covers his hand, this is called the Mangalah. This is usually made from material which is filled with straw or cloth. This is where the falcon sits. The falcon is held by a two braids of cotton, these are called Al Sabbuq, and they are attached to a leash to make...

Saturday, November 23, 2019

Dilution Calculations From Stock Solutions in Chemistry

Dilution Calculations From Stock Solutions in Chemistry If youre working in a chemistry lab, its essential to know how to calculate a dilution. Review Dilution, Concentration, and Stock Solutions A dilution is a solution made by adding more solvent to a more concentrated solution (stock solution), which reduces the concentration of the solute. An example of a dilute solution is tap water, which is mostly water (solvent), with a small amount of dissolved minerals and gasses (solutes). An example of a concentrated solution is 98% sulfuric acid (~18 M). The primary reason you start with a concentrated solution and then dilute it to make a dilution is that its very difficult (sometimes impossible) to accurately measure solute to prepare a dilute solution, so there would be a large degree of error in the concentration value. You use the law of conservation of mass to perform the calculation for the dilution: MdilutionVdilution MstockVstock Dilution Example As an example, say you need to prepare 50 ml of a 1.0 M solution from a 2.0 M stock solution. Your first step is to calculate the volume of stock solution that is required. MdilutionVdilution MstockVstock(1.0 M)(50 ml) (2.0 M)(x ml)x [(1.0 M)(50 ml)]/2.0 Mx 25 ml of stock solution So to make your solution, you pour 25 ml of stock solution into a 50 ml volumetric flask. Dilute with solvent to the 50 ml line. Avoid This Common Dilution Mistake Its a common mistake to add too much solvent when making the dilution. Make sure you pour the concentrated solution into the flask and then dilute it to the volume mark. Do not, for example, mix 250 ml of concentrated solution with 1 L of solvent to make a 1-liter solution!

Thursday, November 21, 2019

Question answering on linked data Research Paper

Question answering on linked data - Research Paper Example Two searches are available, Navigation Search and Research Search. In navigational search, the user accesses the search engine as a navigation instrument to navigate to a particular targeted document. Semantic Search is not used in navigational searches. In Research Searching, the user feeds the search engine with a phrase is proposed to symbolize an object about which the user attempts to gather information. Rather than PageRank algorithm in Google, Semantic Web Search uses semantics to create highly pertinent searching results. This Search method can be used to retrieve the information from the data resource like ontology. Ontology1 is a technology used to facilitate the field knowledge to improve the query time used in Semantic Question Answering system. Data linking systems apply some of the systems identified in order to interweave Web data described in RDF. The following analysis studies some systems performing both automated and semi-automated data linking. Aqua log is able to learn the users language in order to improve the knowledge by the time. The user’s learning method is good in a way that it uses ontology reasoning to study and learn more general patterns, which could then be use again for the questions with analogous context.2 In this system Linguistic Component (LC) is used to change the NL questions into Query-triple format and Relation Similarity Service (RSS). The data model is triple based like {Subject or Object} type. The presentation is based on accuracy, recall and also failure types are referred individually. Averages of about 64 % of consecutive answers are retrieved from ontology with closed environment. ORAKEL used for computing planned answers of user query. It processes based questions as rational query type and information is symbolized with F-Logic and onto broker form. This system is

Tuesday, November 19, 2019

Marketing case study of Ferrero Company Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Marketing of Ferrero Company - Case Study Example To successfully penetrate the market Ferrero maintains a limited unique number of products manufactured and marketed at the highest quality possible. The company also seeks to understand the market properly by carrying out extensive test marketing of its products to avoid embarrassing marketing failures (Australian Trade Commission, 2012). Question One Ferrero Australian opened an online boutique that sells premium chocolate gifts packed in unique keep sake gift boxes. The online boutique was actualized due to consistent demands for Ferrero chocolate gift packs by customers for their chocolate loving friends and family. The gifts are customized, elegantly packed and contain a card for personalized messages (Ferrero Boutique, 2012). Ferrero decision to open an online boutique was a well thought marketing strategy in line with the changing consumer habits in Australia. The internet has become an integral and essential feature of the day-to-day social and business lives of billions of p eople around the globe and the internet economy is growing strong each day (Bughin et al., 2011). Ferrero Australia decision enabled many of its customers to have their desired products with convenience and efficiency as the internet enables customers to save time spent on shopping for gifts. Online stores makes it possible for consumers to make quicker decisions and shop as consumers can find time to perform ten searches online but only two searches offline for each purchase, with internet searches saving more time than physical directories (Chen, Jeon & Kim 2010). This boosts productivity for consumers, suppliers and manufacturers and translates into more profits. Through its online boutique store Ferrero customers in Australia are able to choose their preferred gifts with ease and the website offers price transparency, which is essential in developing customer trust and loyalty. This is because the online boutique service offers customers a reliable and stable source of gifts all year round with more consistency, which is a crucial marketing strategy to maintain customers. Using the internet to sell its products also offers the company the opportunity to advertise its high quality products all over the world. Their website helps to raise product awareness to a much more diverse customer base that spurs its sales volume. Bearing in mind that 90% of online users utilize search engines and internet searches represents 10% of the time spent by individuals on the web (McKinsey & Company for IAB Europe, 2010), it is possible for the Ferrero Company to expressly market its products to customers who are interested in chocolates in the web. This means that the company investment on advertising will pay off and lead to sales growth purely by using internet tools as it is possible to match the needs of customers, individuals, and organizations on the web requiring specific products. With the use of internet based transactions growing, one can confidently say the Ferre ro Australia online boutique store will continue to pull in more revenue for the company as people social lives and businesses continue to be more centered on internet use at home and during work. In addition to supplying its products all over Australia, the

Sunday, November 17, 2019

The Nature of Belief Essay Example for Free

The Nature of Belief Essay Describe the part which art plays in the worship and spiritual life of Islam In Islam, there is a very strong belief of never drawing any type of picture of Allah, Muhammad or animals. This is due to the worry of people worshiping the image rather than what it actually represents. Pictures similar to this are considered as blasphemous as they are misleading and unreliable. The quotation below describes the belief of Allah. No vision can grasp Him but His grasp is over all vision; He is above all comprehension, yet is acquainted with all things. (Surah 6:103) Giving a false impression of Muhammad would be wrong, however in the past if a picture were to be drawn, the face on the figure would be smudged. Allah has no form as he is beyond all images; he is transcendent. Pictures of Allah would limit his actions. As Muhammad is the last prophet he is never drawn nor worshipped. The concept of Tawhid is the most basic Muslim belief. Allah is one and not begotten. He is Allah, the One, Allah is Eternal and Absolute. None is born of Him, He is unborn. There is none like unto Him. (Surah 112) Originally the Quran was hand written and it is common to see Muslims copy this. However when copying out the Quran, Muslims take pride in the presentation and often use calligraphy (beautiful writing). Calligraphy is very important in Islam, as it is used for religious expression to decorate the mosques as pictures and statues are not allowed. It is the art of writing. It is the words written which are regarded as important not the art form. Commonly the shape of the writing is used to represent the words written, especially when writing any of the ninety-nine names of Allah. This is thought to be the best way to learn important aspects of the religion. Not only are the walls in the mosque decorated with calligraphy, but also prayer mats and also around the Islam homes. Their religion is important to Muslims at all times and in all places, and the common use of calligraphy art helps them to consistently stand by their faith. In September 1988, Salman Rushdie wrote the book Satanic Verse, covering the topic of Islam. He is now greatly hated by Muslims due to the way he chose to decorate his book cover. The book cover was decorated with calligraphy taken from the Quran and the words used were those of Allah, which is not acceptable. On Valentines Day 1989 the revolutionary leader Ayatollah Khomenei declared a fatwa, a religious ruling informing Muslims to carry out a death sentence on Salman Rushdie for committing blasphemy. Many artistic features in Islam, not only calligraphy, form geometric patterns and shapes, which follow mathematical principles. They are created in many different colours and can be found in both Muslim homes and mosques. Their geometric form replicate Allahs constant perfection. All of these artistic features are used to remind Muslims about their religion and help them focus on Allah. The perfection of their art is thought to be greatly important as it represents the magnitude of their faith.

Thursday, November 14, 2019

Poems for the Eye Are Not Merely for the Sake of Eye :: English Literature Essays

Poems for the Eye Are Not Merely for the Sake of Eye What is poetry? Pressed for an answer, Robert Frost made a classic reply: â€Å"Poetry is the kind of thing poets write.† In all likelihood, Frost was not trying merely to evade the question but to chide his questioner into thinking for himself. A trouble with definitions is that they may stop thought. The nature of poetry eludes simple definitions. Definitions will be of little help at first, if we are to know poetry and respond to it. We have to go to it willing to see and hear. To a particular poem, thousands of readers will have thousands of understandings. A poem can please us in many aspects. We usually concentrate our attention on its sound, wording, and figure of speech. In fact, a poem in stanzas can please us by its visual symmetry. This kind of poems is usually called the poems for the eye including spatial free verse and picture poems. Though many poets seem hardly to care about it, enough importance should be given to the visual element of poetry. At least some of our pleasure in silently reading a poem derives from the way it looks upon its page. Poems for the eye can be divided into two types. One kind is the visual quality predominates the whole poem; the other is the visual remains subordinate to the aural and other elements of the poetry. There are indeed some spatial poems that can bring us pleasure through their words arrangement. And far from being merely decorative, the visual devices of a poem can be meaningful, too. For examples: This is William Carlos Williams’ poem that describes an energetic bellhop runs downstairs. Beside the words sound like that man is running downstairs, the appearance of the whole poem is like the stairs. This is not only good onomatopoeia and an accurate description of a rhythm; the steplike appearance of the lines goes together with their meaning. This kind of appearance or words arrangement makes the common words â€Å"ta tuck a† vivid. The same with the following Kenneth Patchen’s (1911-1972) poem: The ball bumps down the steps†¦ In the two poems above, the visual quality dominates the meaning of the whole poems. You can say that the shape of the words arrangement overweighs the meaning of the words. But it does bring us pleasure. It is more interesting and meaningful and stronger than just say, â€Å"ta tuck a†¦Ã¢â‚¬  and â€Å"The ball bumps down the steps†¦Ã¢â‚¬  Maybe this is one of the great charms of this kind of poems.

Tuesday, November 12, 2019

Chapter 8 Microbial Genetics

Microbiology: An Introduction, 11e (Tortora/Case)Chapter 8 Microbial Genetics8. 1 Multiple Choice Questions 1) A gene is best defined as A) a segment of DNA. B) three nucleotides that code for an amino acid. C) a sequence of nucleotides in DNA that codes for a functional product. D) a sequence of nucleotides in RNA that codes for a functional product. E) a transcribed unit of DNA. Answer: C Skill: Recall 2) Which of the following pairs is mismatched? A) DNA polymerase — makes a molecule of DNA from a DNA template B) RNA polymerase — makes a molecule of RNA from an RNA template C) DNA ligase — joins segments of DNA D) transposase — insertion of DNA segments into DNA E) DNA gyrase — coils and twists DNA Answer: B Skill: Recall 3) Which of the following statements is FALSE? A) DNA polymerase joins nucleotides in one direction only. B) The leading strand of DNA is made continuously. C) The lagging strand of DNA is started by an RNA primer. D) DNA replication proceeds in one direction around the bacterial chromosome. E) Multiple replication forks are possible on a bacterial chromosome. Answer: D Skill: Understanding 4) DNA is constructed of A) a single strand of nucleotides with internal hydrogen bonding. B) two complementary strands of nucleotides bonded A—C and G—T. C) two strands of nucleotides running antiparallel. D) two strands of identical nucleotides with hydrogen bonds between them. E) None of the answers is correct. Answer: C Skill: Understanding 5) Which of the following is NOT a product of transcription? A) a new strand of DNA B) rRNA C) tRNA D) mRNA E) None of the answers are correct; all of these are products of transcription. Answer: A Skill: Understanding 6) Which of the following statements about bacteriocins is FALSE? A) The genes coding for them are on plasmids. B) They cause food-poisoning symptoms. C) Nisin is a bacteriocin used as a food preservative. D) They can be used to identify certain bacteria. E) Bacteriocins kill bacteria. Answer: B Skill: Understanding Figure 8. 1 7) In Figure 8. 1, which colonies are streptomycin-resistant and leucine-requiring? A) 1, 2, 3, and 9 B) 3 and 9 C) 4, 6, and 8 D) 4 and 8 E) 5 and 6 Answer: D Skill: Analysis Table 8. 1 Culture 1: F+, leucine+, histidine+ Culture 2: F-, leucine-, histidine- 8) In Table 8. 1, what will be the result of conjugation between cultures 1 and 2? A) 1 will remain the same; 2 will become F+, leucine-, histidine- B) 1 will become F-, leu+, his+; will become F+, leu-, his- C) 1 will become F-, leu-, his-; 2 will remain the same D) 1 will remain the same; 2 will become F+, leu+, his+ E) 1 will remain the same; 2 will become F+ and recombination may occur Answer: A Skill: Analysis 9) In Table 8. 1, if culture 1 mutates to Hfr, what will be the result of conjugation between the two cultures? A) They will both remain the same. B) 1 will become F+, leu+, his+; 2 will become F+, leu+, his+ C) 1 will remain the same; recombination will occur in 2 D) 1 will become F-, leu+, his+; 2 will become Hfr, leu+, his+ E) The answer cannot be determined based on the information provided. Answer: C Skill: Analysis 10) An enzyme produced in response to the presence of a substrate is called a(n) A) inducible enzyme. B) repressible enzyme. C) restriction enzyme. D) operator. E) promoter. Answer: A Skill: Recall 11) When glucose is high, cAMP is _____ : CAP _____ bind the lac operator, and RNA polymerase _____ bind the lac promoter. A) high; does; does B) low; does not; does not C) high; does not; does D) low; does not; does E) None of the answers is correct. Answer: B Skill: Understanding 12) Transformation is the transfer of DNA from a donor to a recipient cell A) by a bacteriophage. B) as naked DNA in solution. C) by cell-to-cell contact. D) by crossing over. E) by sexual reproduction. Answer: B Skill: Recall 13) Genetic change in bacteria can be brought about by A) mutation. B) conjugation. C) transduction. D) transformation. E) All of the answers are correct. Answer: E Skill: Understanding 14) Which of the following statements regarding a bacterium that is R+ is FALSE? A) It possesses a plasmid. B) R+ can be transferred to a cell of the same species. C) It is resistant to certain drugs and heavy metals. D) It is F+. E) R+ can be transferred to a different species. Answer: D Skill: Understanding 15) The initial effect of ionizing radiation on a cell is that it causes A) DNA to break. B) bonding between adjacent thymines. C) base substitutions. D) the formation of highly reactive ions. E) the cells to get hot. Answer: D Skill: Recall 16) According to the operon model, for the synthesis of an inducible enzyme to occur, the A) end-product must not be in excess. B) substrate must bind to the enzyme. C) substrate must bind to the repressor. D) repressor must bind to the operator. E) repressor must not be synthesized. Answer: C Skill: Understanding 17) Synthesis of a repressible enzyme is stopped by the A) allosteric transition. B) substrate binding to the repressor. C) corepressor binding to the operator. D) corepressor-repressor complex binding to the operator. E) end product binding to the promoter. Answer: D Skill: Understanding Figure 8. 2REPLICATION FORK18) In Figure 8. 2, if base 4 is thymine, what is base 4†²? A) adenine B) thymine C) cytosine D) guanine E) uracil Answer: A Skill: Analysis 19) In Figure 8. 2, if base 4 is thymine, what is base 11†²? A) adenine B) thymine C) cytosine D) guanine E) uracil Answer: B Skill: Analysis 20) In Figure 8. 2, base 2 is attached to A) ribose. B) phosphate. C) deoxyribose. D) thymine. E) The answer cannot be determined based on the information provided. Answer: C Skill: Recall 21) The damage caused by ultraviolet radiation is A) never repaired. B) repaired during transcription. C) repaired during translation. D) cut out and replaced. E) repaired by DNA replication. Answer: D Skill: Recall Table 8. 2 Codon on mRNA and corresponding amino acid |UUA |leucine |UAA |nonsense | |GCA |alanine |AAU |sparagine | |AAG |lysine |UGC |cysteine | |GUU |valine |UCG, UCU |serine | 22) Refer to Table 8. 2. If the sequence of amino acids encoded by a strand of DNA is serine-alanine-lysine-leucine, what is the order of bases in the sense strand of DNA? A) 3†² UGUGCAAAGUUA B) 3†² AGACGTTTCAAT C) 3†² TCTCGTTTGTTA D) 5†² TGTGCTTTCTTA E) 5†² AGAGCTTTGAAT Answer: B Skill: Analysis 23) Refer to Table 8. 2. If the sequence of amino acids encoded by a strand of DNA is serine-alanine-lysine-leucine, the coding for the antisense strand of DNA is A) 5’ ACAGTTTCAAT. B) 5’ TCTGCAAAGTTA. C) 3’ UGUGCAAAGUUA. D) 3’ UCUCGAAAGUUA. E) 3’ TCACGUUUCAAU. Answer: B Skill: Analysis 24) Refer to Table 8. 2 The anticodon for valine is A) GUU. B) CUU. C) CTT. D) CAA. E) GTA. Answer: D Skill: Understanding 25) Refer to Table 8. 2. What is the sequence of amino acids encoded by the following sequence of bases in a strand of DNA? 3’ ATTACGCTTTGC A) leucine-arginine-lysine-alanine B) asparagine-arginine-lysine-alanine C) asparagine-cysteine-valine-serine D) Translation would stop at the first codon. E) The answer cannot be determined based on the information provided. Answer: D Skill: Analysis 26) Refer to Table 8. 2. If a frameshift mutation occurred in the sequence of bases shown below, what would be the sequence of amino acids coded for? ’ ATTACGCTTTGC A) leucine-arginine-lysine-alanine B) asparagine-arginine-lysine-alanine C) asparagine-cysteine-valine-serine D) Translation would stop at the first codon. E) The answer cannot be determined based on the information provided. Answer: E Skill: Understanding [ 27) In Figure 8. 3, if compound C reacts with the allosteric site of enzyme A, this would exemplify A) a mutation. B) repression. C) feedback inhibition. D) competitive inhibition. E) transcription. Answer: C Skill: Understanding 28) In Figure 8. 3, if enzyme A is a repressible enzyme, compound C would A) always be in excess. B) bind to the enzyme. C) bind to the corepressor. D) bind to RNA polymerase. E) bind to gene a. Answer: C Skill: Understanding 29) In Figure 8. 3, if enzyme A is an inducible enzyme, A) compound C would bind to the repressor. B) compound A would bind to the repressor. C) compound B would bind to enzyme A. D) compound A would react with enzyme B. E) compound C would react with gene a. Answer: B Skill: Understanding 30) Conjugation differs from reproduction because conjugation A) replicates DNA. B) transfers DNA vertically, to new cells. C) transfers DNA horizontally, to cells in the same generation. D) transcribes DNA to RNA. E) copies RNA to make DNA. Answer: C Skill: Understanding 31) The necessary ingredients for DNA synthesis can be mixed together in a test tube. The DNA polymerase is from Thermus aquaticus, and the template is from a human cell. The DNA synthesized would be most similar to A) human DNA. B) T. aquaticus DNA. C) a mixture of human and T. aquaticus DNA. D) human RNA. E) T. aquaticus RNA. Answer: A Skill: Understanding Table 8. 3 Amino Acids Encoded by the Human p53 Gene [pic] 32) Based on the information in Table 8. 3, prostate cancer is probably the result of which kind of mutation? A) analog B) frameshift C) missense D) nonsense E) None of the answers is correct. Answer: D Skill: Analysis Figure 8. 4 33) In Figure 8. 4, the antibiotic chloramphenicol binds the 50S ribosome as shown. From this information you can conclude that chloramphenicol A) prevents transcription in eukaryotes. B) prevents translation in eukaryotes. C) prevents transcription in prokaryotes. D) prevents translation in prokaryotes. E) prevents mRNA-ribosome binding. Answer: D Skill: Analysis 34) The mechanism by which the presence of glucose inhibits the arabinose operon is A) catabolite repression. B) translation. C) DNA polymerase. D) repression. E) induction. Answer: A Skill: Recall 35) The mechanism by which the presence of arabinose controls the arabinose operon is A) catabolite repression. B) translation. C) DNA polymerase. D) repression. E) induction. Answer: E Skill: Recall 36) If you knew the sequence of nucleotides within a gene, which one of the following could you determine with the most accuracy? A) the primary structure of the protein B) the secondary structure of the protein C) the tertiary structure of the protein D) the quaternary structure of the protein E) The answer cannot be determined based on the information provided. Answer: A Skill: Understanding 37) An enzyme that makes covalent bonds between nucleotide sequences in DNA is A) RNA polymerase. B) DNA ligase C) DNA helicase. D) transposase. E) DNA polymerase. Answer: B Skill: Recall 38) An enzyme that copies DNA to make a molecule of RNA is A) RNA polymerase. B) DNA ligase. C) DNA helicase. D) transposase. E) DNA polymerase. Answer: A Skill: Recall 39) An enzyme that catalyzes the cutting and resealing of DNA, and is translated from insertion sequences, is A) RNA polymerase. B) DNA ligase. C) DNA helicase. D) transposase. E) DNA polymerase. Answer: D Skill: Recall 40) Repair of damaged DNA might be viewed as a race between an endonuclease and A) DNA ligase. B) DNA polymerase. C) helicase. D) methylase. E) primase. Answer: D Skill: Understanding 41) The cancer gene ras produces mRNA containing an extra exon that includes a number of UAA codons. Cancer cells produce ras mRNA missing this exon. This mistake most likely is due to a mistake by A) a chemical mutagen. B) DNA polymerase. C) photolyases. D) snRNPs. E) UV radiation. Answer: D Skill: Understanding Figure 8. 5 42) In Figure 8. 5, which model of the lac operon correctly shows RNA polymerase, lactose, and repressor protein when the structural genes are being transcribed? A) a B) b C) c D) d E) e Answer: D Skill: Analysis 43) The miRNAs in a cell A) are found in prokaryotic cells. B) are a part of the prokaryotic ribosome. C) are a part of the eukaryotic ribosome. D) allow different cells to produce different proteins. E) are responsible for inducing operons. Answer: D Skill: Recall 44) Assume the two E. coli strains shown below are allowed to conjugate. Hfr:pro+, arg+, his+, lys+, met+, ampicillin-sensitive F:pro-, arg-, his-, lys-, met-, ampicillin-resistant What supplements would you add to glucose minimal salts agar to select for a recombinant cell that is lys+, arg+, amp-resistant? A) ampicillin, lysine, arginine B) lysine, arginine C) ampicillin, proline, histidine, methionine D) proline, histidine, methionine E) ampicillin, prolein, histidine, lysine Answer: C Skill: Analysis 45) Protein synthesis in eukaryotes is similar to the process in prokaryotes in that both eukaryotes and prokaryotes A) have exons. B) have introns. C) require snRNPS. D) use methionine as the â€Å"start† amino acid. E) use codons to determine polypeptide sequences. Answer: E Skill: Understanding 8. 2True/FalseQuestions1) Recombination will always alter a cell’s genotype. Answer: TRUE Skill: Understanding2) Open-reading frames are segments of DNA in which both start and stop codons are found. Answer: TRUE Skill: Understanding3) Bacteria typically contain multiple chromosomes. Answer: FALSE Skill: Recall4) Mutations that are harmful to cells occur more frequently than those that benefit cells. Answer: TRUE Skill: Recall5) The miRNAs in a cell inhibit protein synthesis by forming complementary bonds with rRNA. Answer: FALSE Skill: Recall6) Some organisms may contain multiple genomes. Answer: FALSE Skill: Recall7) Both base substitution and frameshift mutations can result in the formation of premature stop codons. Answer: TRUE Skill: Recall8) In the Ames test, any colonies that form on the control should be the result of spontaneous mutations. Answer: TRUE Skill: Recall9) Transposition results in the formation of base substitution mutations in a cell’s DNA. Answer: FALSE Skill: Recall 10) Cell-to-cell contact is required for transduction to occur. Answer: FALSE Skill: Understanding 8. 3Essay Questions1) What is the survival value of the semiconservative replication of DNA?2) Scientists are concerned that bacteria will be resistant to all antibiotics within the next decade. Using your knowledge of genetics, describe how bacterial populations can develop drug resistance in such a short time frame.3) Explain why the following statement is false: Sexual reproduction is the only mechanism for genetic change.4) Why must the cultures used in the Ames test be auxotrophic? Explain the necessity of using a strain that is mutated in this experiment.5) W hat is the survival value of the degeneracy of the genetic code?

Saturday, November 9, 2019

Posting on Reading Essay

Education   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   How education is valued and how it is tied up with culture and the structure of society is the focus of the article. Moreover, several factors that encourage people to attend higher education are also explored in the article. For instance, several examples about the South Korean culture were revealed in the article in order to emphasize how the view of education changes depending on the culture. For the South Koreans, education is seen as a status symbol and not a stepping-stone to acquire a job in the future. The good thing about it though is that statistics has shown that the percentage of dropouts is less in areas that believe in the relationship between education and societal value.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   People from different walks of life have varying points of view regarding education. A survey conducted in order to determine the reasons why people choose to attend higher education reveals that reputation or culture and the enhancement of an individual’s disposition are the topmost reasons why people value their education. At this point, people view the learning and understanding of the English language as an instrumental skill in order to accomplish an individual’s aims to gain a high and respectable social status. Koreans nowadays are struggling to learn the English language, as it gives one a high rank in the social climate. Koreans spend time and effort in studying English that they are willing to undergo rigorous testing just to speak English well.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Perhaps, the article does not only discuss education as part of culture. I think the issues in this article also have strong connections with globalization. As the world moves to become a global village, people are forced to increase their chances of belonging to the international community. This objective shall only be accomplished through further education. This is probably one of the reasons why education is seen as a form of earning a high rank in society because being well educated and learning to speak English well keeps you in a range of belongingness with the rest of the global community. The Costs of Educational Zeal   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   The article explores the effects of Korea’s valuing of education to the costs of attending the educational institution. Apparently, with the Korean’s growing value for education and the educational institution’s goals to enhance the quality of education, the costs of higher educations have also reached a high. The reasons underlying the high cost of education in the country was explored under different regimes. The influence of colonialism to the educational system of the country contributed much to the high cost that they require of education. Moreover, majority of educational institutions in the country require expensive rates for their services because most of them are privately owned. At this point, I ask myself, why do they need to pay expensive taxes for education when most of the educational institutions are private?   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   There was not any change during the Park Chung Hee’s term as president of the country. During this time, education was neglected, therefore there were no efforts coming from the government to fix the problem expensive costs of education. Reflecting on it, education in the country has really become a social status, such that only those who can afford it are able to gain the quality education that they deserve. Moreover, the government does not care less whether the people are able to afford education. This reveals how the voices of those people who cannot afford to attend educational institutions are not being heard.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Another factor that influenced the high costs of education was what the people called Kwaoe. Kwaoe is the Korean term for tutoring. This service requires large amounts of money that people cannot help but complain about its cost. At this point of time, the government was able to address this issue and ban tutoring all over the country. Throughout the years, noticeable efforts to alleviate the rising cost of education were evident when reviewing the performances of past governments. However, their efforts were not enough to lessen the cost of paying for an individual’s education. The failure of governments to remodel their educational system is understandable, because from the beginning, the faulty budgeting and financing for educational institutions was adapted by the country. What the country needs to work on is modifying the educational system in order to identify its flaws and once and for all end the high costs of education.

Thursday, November 7, 2019

Ahmose Tempest Stela - Weather Report in Ancient Egypt

Ahmose Tempest Stela - Weather Report in Ancient Egypt The Ahmose Tempest Stele is a block of calcite with ancient Egyptian hieroglyphs carved into it. Dated to the early New Kingdom in Egypt, the block is a genre of art similar to political propaganda used by many rulers in many different societiesa decorated carving meant to extol the glorious and/or heroic deeds of a ruler. The Tempest Steles main purpose, so it seems, is to report on the efforts of Pharaoh Ahmose I to restore Egypt to its former glory after a cataclysmic disaster. However, what makes the Tempest Stele so interesting to us today, is that some scholars believe that the disaster described on the stone is the after-effects of the volcanic eruption of the Thera volcano, which decimated the Mediterranean island of Santorini and pretty much ended the Minoan culture. The tying of the story on the stone to the Santorini eruption is a crucial piece of evidence nailing down the still-debated dates of the rise of the New Kingdom and the Mediterranean Late Bronze Age in general. The Tempest Stone The Ahmose Tempest Stele was erected at Thebes by Ahmose, the founding pharaoh of the 18th dynasty of Egypt, who ruled between 1550-1525 BC (according to the so-called High Chronology) or between 1539-1514 BC (Low Chronology). Ahmose and his family, including his elder brother Kamose and their father Sequenenre, are credited with ending the rule of the mysterious Asiatic group called the Hyksos, and reuniting Upper (south) and Lower (north including the Nile delta) Egypt. Together they founded what would become the pinnacle of ancient Egyptian culture known as the New Kingdom. The stele is a calcite block that once stood over 1.8 meters tall (or about 6 feet). Eventually it was broken into pieces and used as fill in the Third Pylon of the Karnak Temple of Amenhotep IV, that pylon known to have been erected in 1384 BC. The pieces were found found, reconstructed and translated by Belgian archaeologist Claude Vandersleyen [born 1927]. Vandersleyen published a partial translation and interpretation in 1967, the first of several translations. The text of the Ahmose Tempest Stele is in Egyptian hieroglyphic script, inscribed into both sides of the stele. The front side was also painted with red horizontal lines and incised hieroglyphs highlighted in blue pigment, although the reverse side is unpainted. There are 18 lines of text on the front and 21 on the back. Above each text is a lunette, a half-moon shape filled with dual images of the king and fertility symbols. The Text The text begins with a standard string of titles for Ahmose I, including a reference to his divine appointment by the god Ra. Ahmose was residing in the town of Sedjefatawy, so reads the stone, and he traveled south to Thebes, to visit Karnak. After his visit, he returned south and while he was traveling away from Thebes, a tremendous storm blew up, with devastating effects throughout the entire country. The storm is said to have lasted for several days, with bellowing noises louder than the cataracts at Elephantine, torrential rainstorms, and an intense darkness, so dark that not even a torch could relieve it. The driving rains damaged chapels and temples and washed houses, construction debris, and corpses into the Nile where they are described as bobbing like papyrus boats. Theres also a reference to both sides of the Nile being stripped bare of clothing, a reference that has lots of interpretations. The most extensive section of the stele describes the kings actions to remedy the destruction, to restablish the Two Lands of Egypt and provide the flooded territories with silver, gold, oil and cloth. When he finally arrives in Thebes, Ahmose is told that the tomb chambers and monuments have been damaged and some have collapsed. He orders that the people restore the monuments, shore up the chambers, replace the contents of the shrines and double the wages of the personnel, in order to return the land to its former state. And so it is completed. The Controversy Controversies among the scholarly community focus on the translations, the meaning of the storm, and the date of the events described on the stele. Some scholars are certain the storm refers to the after-effects of the Santorini eruption. Others believe that the description is literary hyperbole, propaganda to glorify the pharaoh and his works. Others still interpret its meaning as metaphorical, referring to a storm of Hyksos warriors and the great battles that occurred to chase them out of lower Egypt. To these scholars, the storm is interpreted as a metaphor for Ahmose restoring order from the social and political chaos of the second Intermediate period, when the Hyksos ruled the north end of Egypt. The most recent translation, from Ritner and colleagues in 2014, points out that although there are a handful of texts referring to Hyksos as a metaphorical storm, the Tempest Stele is the only one that includes clear descriptions of meteorological anomalies including rain storms and floods. Ahmose himself, of course, believed the storm was the result of the great displeasure of the gods for his leaving Thebes: his rightful location for the rule over both Upper and Lower Egypt. Sources This article is a part of the About.com guide to Ancient Egypt  and the Dictionary of Archaeology. Bietak M. 2014. Radiocarbon and the date of the Thera eruption. Antiquity 88(339):277-282. Foster KP, Ritner RK, and Foster BR. 1996. Texts, Storms, and the Thera Eruption. Journal of Near Eastern Studies 55(1):1-14. Manning SW, Hà ¶flmayer F, Moeller N, Dee MW, Bronk Ramsey C, Fleitmann D, Higham T, Kutschera W, and Wild EM. 2014. Dating the Thera (Santorini) eruption: archaeological and scientific evidence supporting a high chronology. Antiquity 88(342):1164-1179. Popko L. 2013. Late Second Intermediate Period to Early New Kingdom. In: Wendrich W, Dieleman J, Frood E, and Grajetzki W, editors. UCLA Encyclopedia of Egtypology. Los Angeles: UCLA. Ritner RK, and Moeller N. 2014. The Ahmose ‘Tempest Stela’, Thera and Comparative Chronology. Journal of Near Eastern Studies 73(1):1-19. Schneider T. 2010. A theophany of Seth-Baal in the Tempest Stele. Ägypten und Levante / Egypt and the Levant 20:405-409. Wiener MH, and Allen JP. 1998. Separate Lives: The Ahmose Tempest Stela and the Theran Eruption. Journal of Near Eastern Studies 57(1):1-28.

Tuesday, November 5, 2019

What Is the Definition of an Earmark in Politics

What Is the Definition of an Earmark in Politics The term earmark spending refers to a part of a spending bill that allocates money for a specific thing such as a location, project or institution. The key difference between an earmark and a general budget line is the specificity of the recipient, which is usually a particular project in a specific Congressmans district or a Senators home state. Earmarking is often used as a tool for negotiation and deal-making: a representative might vote in favor of a project in another representatives district in exchange for earmarked funding in his own district. Definition of Earmark Funding Earmarks are funds provided by the Congress for specific projects or programs in such a manner that the allocation (a) circumvents a merit-based or competitive allocation process; (b) applies to a very limited number of individuals or entities; or (c) otherwise curtails the ability of the Executive Branch to independently manage the agency budget. Thus, an earmark circumvents the appropriations process, as outlined in the Constitution, where Congress grants a lump sum of money to a Federal agency each year and leaves the management of that money to the Executive Branch. Congress includes earmarks in both appropriation and authorization bills orOR in report language (the committee reports that accompanies reported bills and the joint explanatory statement that accompanies a conference report). Because earmarks can be tucked away in report language, the process is not easily identified by constituents. Examples of Earmark Spending Earmark spending relates only to funds identified for specific projects. For instance, if Congress passed a budget that gave a certain sum to the National Park Service as an entity, that wouldnt be considered an earmark. But if Congress added a line indicating that some of the money had to be allocated to preserve a specific landmark, then thats an earmark. Earmark spending may be allocated for (among other things): Research projectsDemonstration projectsParksLaboratoriesAcademic grantsBusiness contracts Some earmarks stand out easily, like a $500,000 grant to the Teapot Museum. But just because an item of expenditure is specific, that doesnt make it an earmark. In defense spending, for instance, bills come with a detailed account of how each dollar will be spent- for example, the amount of money needed to purchase a specific fighter plane. In another context, this would merit an earmark, but not for the Defense Department as this is how they do business.   Is "Earmarking" Considered to Be Unethical? Earmarks have a derogatory connotation on Capitol Hill, largely because of specific earkmark spending projects that have little benefit to anyone but the businesses involved in doing the work. One famous example of such of a project is Alaskas infamous â€Å"Bridge to Nowhere.† a $398 million project intended to replace a ferry to an island that is home to just 50 people. Congress imposed a moratorium on earmarks that went into effect in 2011, which banned members from using legislation to direct money to specific projects or organizations in their districts. In 2012, the Senate defeated a proposal to outlaw earmarks but extended the moratorium by a year. Lawmakers try to avoid using the term while still attempting to insert specific spending provisions into bills. Earmarks are also called a variety of different terms including: Member-directed spendingPlus upsBudget enhancementsAdditionsProgrammatic adjustments Lawmakers have also been known to directly call agency officials and ask them to allocate money toward specific projects, without any pending legislation. The is known as â€Å"phone-marking.†

Sunday, November 3, 2019

Property Management and Law Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3750 words

Property Management and Law - Essay Example Some types of properties that may need property management are; houses, condos, duplexes, town homes, apartments, shopping centers, malls, offices buildings, airports and public transportation buildings, hospitals and many more. Property management is very similar to the role of management in any business. In this coursework the writer will analyze the complaints and problems presented to the property manager of Megadosh Management by their client. To be able to do so we need to define important terms such as landlord, tenant and rent. The writer also presented the roles and rights of each person involve in the business. Property management agreement depends on the service needed by the client. The payment of their service is also mentioned. Upon understanding the role of property management the writer will now present the responses on the letter sent to the property manager. Discussion of each letter and identifying the problem is needed to Landlord - as defined in www.lectlaw.com, is an owner of real property who leases (rents) that property to a tenant under a lease agreement. He is bound to perform certain duties and is entitled to certain rights. To secure to the tenant the quiet enjoyment of the premises leased; but a tenant for years has no remedy against his landlord, if he be ousted by one who has no title, in that case the law leaves him to his remedy against the wrong doer. But the implied covenant for quiet enjoyment may be qualified and enlarged or narrowed according to the particular agreement of the parties and a general covenant for quiet enjoyment does not extend to wrongful evictions or disturbances by a stranger The landlord is bound by his express covenant to repair the premises, but unless he binds himself by express covenant the tenant cannot compel him to repair. His rights are: (www.lectlaw.com) To receive the rent agreed upon and to enforce all the express covenants into which the tenant may have entered To require the lessee to treat the premises demised in such manner that no injury be done to the inheritance and prevent waste To have the possession of the premises after the expiration of the lease. Tenant - as defined in Thesaurus as the one who pays the rent to use or occupy land, a building, or other property owned by another. In law, the one who holds or possesses lands, tenements, or sometimes personal property by any kind of title. (www.landlordzone.co.uk). Tenant's Legal Right and Obligations Commercial Obligation It is the obligation of the tenant to pay the exact amount for rent. It is the obligation of the tenant to pay the rent on time. Commercial Right It is the right of the tenant to have a comfortable property. Residential Right Know the terms of the tenancy. Know the name and address of the landlord (normally included in the agreement) Accommodation which is in a good tenantable state of repair - free from defects. Reasonably quick and effective repairs if you report defects. Safe accommodation, all electrical, gas and other systems and appliances meeting modern safety standards and are subject to regular

Thursday, October 31, 2019

Econometric Project Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Econometric Project - Essay Example will use in-depth statistical analysis processes to create models relating the different observations, particularly that between gross weekly earnings (grmain1) and other observations such as age, sex, race, years of education and number of years in employment, among others. Correlation analysis will also be used to investigate the strength of the relationship observed between the dependent variable (gross weekly earnings) and other independent variables. A residual plot will be used to confirm the presence or absence of outliers, the plot will also indicate whether there were any particular areas where the model greatly under or over-predicted the relationship between unemployed persons and persons seeking employment. From the results, it is observed that othe sample consists of 7227 respondents. The mean income is obtained as 10.3 and this corresponds to an income category of  £300-350 per week. The standard deviation is obtained as 4.5 and this corresponds to an income category of  £100-125 per week. This implies that on average, the respondents’ salaries differ from the average earning by this amount. The STATA output shown indicates that the greatest proportion of respondents (20.23%) earn over  £600 per week followed by those that earn  £300 - 350 and  £250-300 with 9.5% and 9.2% respectively. Apart from persosn that do not earn anything, the income category of  £50-75 has the least number of respondents. It is observed that out of the 7227 respondents, 47% were male while the remaining 53% were female. These percentages correspond to 3398 and 3829 persons respectively. Observing these percentages, it is seen that both sexes made up approximately 50% of the sample. Further analysis of the data on sex in later sections of the paper will give further findings. The greatest proportion of respondents have â€Å"white british† ethnicity followed by â€Å"any other white background†. The two ethnicities account for almost 95% of all persons surveyed. This

Tuesday, October 29, 2019

Final Hypothesis of Exercise and Weight Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Final Hypothesis of Exercise and Weight - Essay Example Past studies indicates that when one is engaged in regular physical exercise then the weight is likely to be moderate. This is because of the increased metabolic reaction that improves the respiratory processes in the body and makes a lower weight individual to gain gradually to some limit and burn excess fats in a person with much weight to slim down to some moderate weight. This simply means that exercise and ideal weight are directly positively correlated. The choice of Exercise as the independent variable and weight as the dependent variable is based on the relative influence they have on each other regarding the physical health status in an individual through the weight measure of a person (Gedatus, 2001). These two variables have been realized to be the most appropriate towards the risk of obesity and other weight related disorders. The main assumptions regarding the relation ship between these two variables are explained below. There is a steady response of state of the heartb eat rate with changes in exercise workload. It is also worth to note that it is assumed that there is a linear relationship between rate of respiration, heartbeat rate and exercise workload. ... People who undertake less physical activities may undergo less respiratory processes whereas people who undertake more physical work undergo more respiratory processes. In other words, people who undertake less physical activities may gain more weight than others. In short, exercise workload, respiratory processes and obesity have direct links between each other. Obese people are at increased risk of respiratory symptoms, such as breathlessness, particularly during exercise, even if they have no obvious respiratory illness Obesity has a clear potential to have a direct effect on respiratory well-being, since it increases oxygen consumption and carbon dioxide production, while at the same time it stiffens the respiratory system and increases the mechanical work needed for breathing (Salome et al., 2009) Heartbeat rate depends not only to exercise workload but also to the age of the exerciser. In other words, heartbeat rates of a younger man during exercise will be more than the heartb eat rates of an older man who is experiencing the same exercise workload (See appendix 2 for more details). Moreover, heartbeat rate calculation formula for women and men are different. The maximum heartbeat rate of a woman can be calculated using the formula 226-age whereas that of a man will be 220-age (Heart Rate Chart, 2009). It is evident from the above formulas that heartbeat rates of women will be more than that of men during exercising. Measurement of heartbeat rates, before, after and during physical exercise will give a proper idea about the fitness level of a person. For normal persons, heartbeat rates return to normal state quickly after the exercise workload whereas for others it may not come back to the normal state quickly. Linear relationship between

Sunday, October 27, 2019

Aal Mir: Analysis of Fairtrade Policies

Aal Mir: Analysis of Fairtrade Policies Abstract: Aal Mir is one of the leading chocolate producers in the UAE. The companys marketing and logistics capabilities have proven to be exemplary for other companies. Aal Mir is one of those companies which have been undisputed for more than 30 years. Its fair trade policies attract a large number of customers towards it. The company has led to acceptance of chocolate as one of the primary snack in the region. The products produced by the company are quite popular in the region and it acts as a good source of income for the company. The people of UAE usually prefer products prepared within their country more than the products produced outside which serves to the benefit of the company and earns higher profit to the company. The company is very strict against child labor which reflects in its fair trade policies. The report prepared is a result of in depth analysis of the companys policies which are quite oriented towards fair trade of the company. The company has also played an important role in increasing awareness about some social causes. The project deals with analyzing the business of the company and its role in creating social awareness amongst the masses. The company is strictly against child labor and low wages of the employees which has resulted in a great increase in the goodwill of the company. The company has also been involved in meetings with the world health organization which is an indicator of the extent of social responsibility of the company. The various aspects of the policies of Aal Mir have been covered in the report. Children between the age of 10-15 years serve as the major part of the target population for the company and the company lays emphasis on children even in its fair trade policies. The affinity of the local people of UAE towards goods produced within the country also acts as a positive point for the company and works to the advantage of the company as has been seen in its year of establishment. The consumption of chocolate in the region has increased in the region by a growth rate of more than 10% annually over the last few years as a result of companys products and its policies. In fact the consumption of camel milk and biscuits has also gone up significantly over the last few years. The report has also emphasized on these growth factors as a result of the policies followed by the company since its establishment. Introduction: The term fair trade is referred to the concept of social justice along with continuing the business trades of a company in order to gain maximum profit from it. It was originally used in order to support social justice. In the concept of fair trade justice was defined as the strongest thought that arises through simple majority among people. The main aim of fair trade is to identify the relationship between various aspects of international trade identifying the reasons for putting constrained on the traded products. The objective of fair trade is to save the people in the region and the employees of the company from being exploited by the companies in order to maximize their profits. Aal Mir has been chosen as the company to study its fair trade policies because it has been operating business in UAE for the last thirty years and has not been a part of any controversy or dispute since it came into existence. The company has also shown good growth rate since its establishment in 1980 becoming the largest producer of chocolate in the country. The companys strategies and policies are a great combination which has led to higher profits and has also earned social goodwill for the company. The company has always served its social duties along with earning one of the highest profits in its area of trade and business. The company has been strictly against some of the social evils such as child labor and low wages of employees. Body of Report: Chocolate is the product chosen to study the fair trade policies of a company. Chocolate today has been selected as a fair trade product by fair trade organizations (Fair trade product). The organization chosen to study the fair trade policies is Aal Mir. Background of the company: Aal Mir trading company was established in Dubai in the year 1980 by two dynamic entrepreneurs who worked in partnership to make the company reach heights of success. The company was setup by Mr. Mir Motalleb Vakhshouri and Mr. Mohd. Hassan Baba Hassan and its business today is spread in varied fields and different areas of the market (Aalmir overview). Initially the company began with business focusing on the confectionery segment and then shifted to modern trade and distribution after analyzing the trend of the market and started importing food and non-food items to Dubai (Aalmir overview). Today Aal Mir Trading Co. LLC has a very impressive portfolio which consists of various brands that have been recognized internationally and enjoys the status of a leader in full fledged distribution in the region. Its logistics and marketing strategies have been appreciated over time and its marketing covers many areas of the market. (Aalmir overview) The company does import and export of all kinds of confectioneries, foods and beverages to countries like Iran, Iraq, Qatar, Kuwait, Oman ,India, Pakistan and some African countries. (Spread of Aal Mirs Business). The raw materials required for preparing chocolates are cocoa, oils and fats, improvers and adders, flavors and cereals. Cocoa serves as the main ingredient for the preparation of chocolate. The main producers of Cocoa are West African countries such as Ivory Coast and Ghana and the company also imports Cocoa from these countries which serve as a main raw material for the production of chocolate. (Areas where Cocoa is produced). The range of product sold by the company consists of biscuits, wafers, cakes, chewing gum, candies and toffees, foodstuffs like oil, coffee, rice etc, gift boxes, jellies, juice and drinks, lollipops, marsh mallows, pickles and canned food, toiletries and cleaning products and snacks. Such a wide range of products marketed by the company not only reduces the rescue factor but also has led to higher levels of income for the company and has led to independence of the company from any one product for its profit (Products produced by Aal Mir). Aal Mir is amongst the top trading companies and owns many subsidiaries either partially or totally in order to smoothen its work. Some of the subsidiaries owned by Aal Mir are Sweet Garden General Trading Co LLC, Aal Mir storing Co. LLC, Tania Packaging LLC, Hassani and Aal Mir Trading Co., Aal Mir Partners Trading Company and Shamim Trading Co. LLC. (Associate Companies) Sweet Garden General Trading Co is an independent company which executes the groups strategy of enhancing its market coverage. This subsidiary was established in the year 1989 and is currently working as an independent distribution company. The company is located in Dubai. (Associate Companies) Aal Mir Storing Co LLC mainly provides storing and logistics services to the companies associated with it and the company is mainly a holding of Aal Mir Trading Company and is presently functioning in Dubai. (Associate Companies) Tania is a label brand of Aal Mir Trading Company for its food products like rice and grocery items. Apart from being a label company the company also gives support services such as repackaging. The company s situated in Dubai (Associate Companies) Hassani Aal Mir Trading Co. is another associate of Aal Mir trading company situated in Abu Dhabi. This company works operates its business in the field of consumer products and branded confectionary. The company does its work with the support of companies like Sweet Garden General Trading Co. LLC and Aal Mir Trading Co. LLC and is situated in Abu Dhabi the capital of UAE. (Associate Companies) Al Mir Partners Trading Co. LLC is another associate of Aal Mir Trading Co. LLC that has been operating within the Sultanate of Oman and trades and distributes foodstuffs and confectionaries in the region of Oman. (Associate Companies) The trading of Basmati rice in the region is done by the company under the established brand name â€Å"Shamim† which is a brand established by the company. (Associate Companies) Fair Trade Policies of Aal Mir Trading Co. LLC: Fair trade policies not only benefit the people associated with the company and the common people of the country but also benefit the company by increasing the goodwill of the company. Fair trade policies aim at benefitting the people of the country who may be associated with the company as producers of raw materials, consumers or employees of the company. These policies result in creating goodwill for the company and also sometimes attract larger number of customers to the products of the company. These policies create a thought in the minds of the customers that the company that is performing the deeds for social causes and that is has a high probability to be keep the rights of its customers preserved and will not exploit or harm them and it also creates a sense of belongingness to the organization in the minds of the minds of the consumers. The company is strictly against child labor and has a view that children are not meant to be exploited for gaining profits. This can also be seen as a marketing strategy as the main market of the company is children below 15 years of age and by being strict on child labor the company wants to give a message to its customers that it really cares for them and is willing to do any possible attempt to stop any kind of evil done on them. Moreover on part of being a chocolate company it is important to take care of the hygiene and the conditions in which the product is manufactured as unhygienic products could lead to bad health and also lead to loss of customers and reputation to the company. The companys fair trade policies are also quite visible by its attempts to increase the general awareness about all its products to the consumers it also tells the consumers the value that they hold great importance for the company and facilitates them with a feeling that they are the most precious source of revenue for the company. This policy attracts a large number of consumers towards the company and makes them interested in buying the products of the company. The company is a firm believer of globalization and is taking every possible step to implement it. This shows companies respect for international trade and its respect for personnel internationally thus helping itself to grow globally. The global presence of the company is felt by analyzing the countries to which the company currently exports its products. This policy helps the company in building international goodwill of the company. The company is also against giving low wages to its employees and is a firm believer that a person should be paid for whatever he does for the company thus giving the employees a sense of accomplishment and motivates the employees to work with dedication for the company and company as the employees feel that the company belongs to them and any benefit to the company would lead to the personal benefit of the employee. Aal Mir Trading Co. is one of those few companies which have been able to remain undisputed over the span of more than 30 years which reflects its fair trade policies. The company has pioneered in getting rid of various social issues of the world and has been praised for its steps taken worldwide. The companys meetings with the world health organization act as a firm confirmation to the steps taken by the company in order to reduce social evils and exploitation of labor worldwide. Appendices: Opposition to child labor. Maintenance of Hygienic conditions during production. Attempts to Increase general awareness among the consumers. Respect for international trade and personnel. Opposition of low wages. Results of Policies implemented by Aal Mir Trading Company: As a result of the fair trade policies implemented by the company there are various figures that support its success. In the last few years the annual growth rate of chocolate consumption in the region has been around 10% which directly reflects the increase in profit of the company as it is the leading producer of chocolates in the region. Today more than 25% of the people in the region consider chocolate as a main snack which is far greater than the ratio of 2.5% which existed 15 years ago. The results are even visible in the biscuit industry which is one of the areas of business of the company has witnessed a growth of around 17% in the last few years. Is the company adapting to fair trade policies only as a marketing tool? The main motive behind any company is to earn maximum possible profit within the laws of the region in which they operate. The motive of Aal Mir Trading Co. is also to earn maximum profit from its business but the policies implemented by the company in order to gain this profit are quite noble and are based on social welfare. Although seeing from a point of view we may find that these policies are helping the company to gain higher profits but seeing the level at which the company is performing it is not a necessity for the company to work for social causes as the people already are aware of the brand and the products produced by the company. In its thirty years of working the company has been able to make a good reputation in the market and has made good profits over the last few years. In the initial stages of the working of the company it could be made out the company might have gained larger profits based on the basis of the policies that it had implemented and in the initial sta ges this could have been seen as a policy to take the people of the region into confidence but since the company is in existence for over 30 years the company today does not need to take the consumers into confidence as the company already has enough customers that are confident about the working of the company and have faith in the products of the company but at this stage the steps might be interpreted as a measure to maintain the goodwill of the company and keep the people assured of the policies of the company. Another important fact that must be kept in mind while analyzing this aspect is that in order to follow such fair trade policies the company still has to put in extra cost which might just go wasted as the company already has a huge customer base and activities of social good now has a minimal effect in increasing the customer base of the company. Hence on analyzing the trade policies it is found that although the company may be earning a higher profit based on response o f users on these policies but the credit of doing such activities must not be taken away from the company that is putting an effort for the community as the company is fulfilling its social requirements hence we can say that Aal Mirs adaptation to fair trade policies is not just a marketing policy but it is an attempt by the company to improve the society which in turn is giving higher profits to the company. Conclusion: After going through the policies of the company and the profits that it is earning and also after examining the impact of these policies on the company as well as the people of the region various conclusions can be made out which have been stated in this paragraph. The company has developed into a leading producer of chocolates as a result of its trade policies and has also earned the stature of an extremely ethical company that fulfills its social responsibilities. This sense of responsibility of the company towards the society is a result of the companys fair trade policies. The companys contributions have also been highly recognized by the society and even bigger organizations like the world health organization. The company has earned its spot at the top and is expected to stay there as the companys policies as well as quality and cost of products are bound to attract a large number of consumers towards the company. Hence it can be concluded from the above report that the good pol icies of the company that includes the fare trade policy have helped the company to establish a customer base and then its products and marketing strategies have helped it to affix the companys position at the top amongst all the companies of the region thus resulting in the current scenario where the company is at the top of the market and is still developing its position. Works Cited Aalmir overview. (n.d.). Retrieved 5 4, 2010, from http://www.aalmir.com/AboutUs.aspx?id=1 Areas where Cocoa is produced. (n.d.). Retrieved 5 4, 2010, from http://www.zawya.com/story.cfm/sidZAWYA20090203034717/UAE%20chocolate%20makers%20see%20red%20as%20cocoa%20prices%20soar Associate Companies. (n.d.). Retrieved 5 5, 2010, from http://www.aalmir.com/AboutUs.aspx?id=3 Fair trade definition. (n.d.). Retrieved 5 4, 2010, from http://www.fairtradecoffee.org/articles/ft-definition.shtml Fair trade product. (n.d.). Retrieved 5 4, 2010, from http://www.globalexchange.org/campaigns/fairtrade/cocoa/ Products produced by Aal Mir . (n.d.). Retrieved 5 4, 2010, from http://www.aalmir.com/Products.aspx?id=2000 Spread of Aal Mirs Business. (n.d.). Retrieved 5 4, 2010, from http://www.made-in-china.com/traderoom/ismaeili